Does Marrying an American Guarantee Citizenship?

Many people believe that marrying a U.S. citizen automatically leads to citizenship. While marriage to an American can certainly pave the way for legal residency, it doesn’t guarantee citizenship. The process involves several steps, each with its own requirements and timelines.

Permanent Residency, Not Citizenship

Marriage to a U.S. citizen makes you eligible to apply for a green card (permanent residency), but even this isn’t automatic. After marrying, you must apply for adjustment of status if you’re already in the U.S. or go through consular processing if you’re abroad. USCIS will review your application, requiring documentation that your marriage is bona fide—not entered into for immigration purposes. The process may involve interviews and, sometimes, site visits to confirm the authenticity of your relationship.

Once approved, you will receive conditional residency if you’ve been married for less than two years. After two years, you must apply to remove these conditions to obtain full permanent residency. Failing to do so can result in the loss of your green card.

The Path to Citizenship

Citizenship doesn’t happen right away. You must first live in the U.S. as a permanent resident for at least three years, continuously residing with your U.S. spouse, before you’re eligible to apply for naturalization. During this time, you’ll need to maintain good moral character, pay taxes, and comply with U.S. laws.

Once you’re eligible, you’ll need to pass the naturalization test, which includes an English language exam and a civics test covering U.S. history and government. Only after completing these steps can you take the oath of allegiance and officially become a U.S. citizen.

Marrying a U.S. citizen doesn’t provide an instant shortcut to citizenship. It’s a lengthy process that requires patience, documentation, and compliance with immigration rules. If you’re navigating this journey, consulting with an immigration attorney can ensure your path is smooth and that you’re aware of each step along the way.

Remember, love may be simple, but the immigration process is not!

Patricia Elizee is the managing partner of the Elizee Law Firm, an immigration law firm located at 1110 Brickell Avenue, Suite 315, Miami, Florida 33131. Phone: 305-371-8846. The law firm was established in 2012. Ms. Elizee earned her Juris Doctorate at the University of Miami School of Law and her Masters in Law from the University of Washington School of Law.